MaoTse-tung,113
Marginalcontractrentcurve,17-19
Marginalcrops:defined,134;outputresponsesof,139-54,150n;ofinternallandmargin,142-45;ofinterplantingmargin,145-49,ofseasonalmargin,149-54
Marginalinequalities,64-66.SeealsoDisguisedunemployment;Dualeconomy;Increasedfarmingintensity60.SeealsoContractualarrangements;Sharecontract
Contractualarrangements,159;riskdistributionin,63-87passim;transactioncosts,63-87passim;choiceof,64,69,71,161;patternsof,66-67;evidencesupportinghypothesis,72-87passim;effectofinflationon,73-74;transferofrightsin,85;effectsoflegalarrangementson,86-87
Contractualrenegotiation,84-85
Contractualterms:insharecontract,3,16-29,52-55;governmentinterventionin,underTaiwanlandreform,7;infixed-rentcontract,27;neglectedintax-equivalentanalysis,31;inmetayage,40-41;inwagecontract,42-43;samplecontracts,72-73,76-77
Cournotapproach,117n
Croparea,150n;defined,130-32;effectofsharerestrictionon,132-57;ofcitronella,142;ofinterplantingcrops,146;ofvegetables,150
Cropchoice:stipulatedinsharecontract,23-28,76-77;patternsof,129-57
Cucumbers,146
Cultivatedland.SeeLandarea"Customs":andrentalshares,39-48;andfamineadjustments,74-76
Demsetz,Harold,65n
Densityofplanting,132-57passim
Dien:inprereformlandlaw,11;defined,12Disguisedunemployment,160,165-69
Dismissal,80,83,95,97-98,120Distributionofine.SeeInedistributionDoublecropping,136-37Dryfields:cropareaincreasein,136-37;andyieldincreaseundersharerestriction,138;frequencyoftenancyin,139;effectofrentalrestrictionon,141;rentalpercentageof,141Dualeconomy,160,165-69Durationofleasecontracts:choiceof,79-85;distributionof,80;withzerotransactioncost,81,85
Efficiency:inSmith'stime,33;andtransactioncost,64-66,87;withlegalarrangements,86-87;underTaiwanlandreform,116,156-57,160;andinvestment,128;economic,159.SeealsoParetocondition
Eggplants,146
Elasticityofoutput,21,26
Enforcementcost:reducedbypetition,63-68;varieswithleaseduration,83-85;ofFarmRentReductionAct,67n,68n,70n,113.SeealsoTransactioncost
Escapeclause,74-76
Exclusivityofright:andlimitedauthority,l0n;touseresource,115-17.SeealsoPropertyrights
Exploitation:intenancy,8,159;claimedbyMaoTse-tung,113
Externallandmargin,130"Famine,"74
Farmers(taxcollectorsinEngland)70n
FarmRentReductionActof1951,92,110,112,114;andminimumleaseperiod,94;enforcementcostof,113
Fertilizers,123-25
Fixedrent:paredwithsharecontract,27;frequencyofinAsianagriculture,66;transactioncostsof,67;samplecontractsof,72-73;escapeclauseandriskdispersionwith,74-76;leasedurationwith,84
Fixedtenure,161
Freehold,34
Greenmanure,124-25,148nGrosscropvalue,118,142n,154Groundspace,146"Harvestloss,"97
Heady,EarlO.,47-48,60n
Higgs,Henry,44
Horticulture:areaharvestedin,132;effectofsharerestrictionon,154Hwalien,139,141,142
Improvementsinland.See
InvestmentInedistribution:redistributionbylandreform,7;redistributionby
Marginalproductoflabor:equalswagerate,21;equalsmarginaltenantcost,54-55;onmonlyownedresource,117,168;andtheoriesofdisguisedunemploymentanddualeconomy,165-69.SeealsoIncreasedfarmingintensity
Marginalproductofland:reducedtozero,17,54n;insharecontract,21,25;undersharerestriction,104-8,156-57
Marginalproductofnonlandinputs:undersharerestriction,5,133-35,156-57.SeealsoIncreasedfarmingintensity
Marshall,Alfred,42-51
Maximization,ofwealthorutility:insharecontract,16-29;opposedtocustom,48;tax-equivalentapproachto,48;andhypothesisofcontractualchoice,69
Maxwell,Constantia,35,70,76
Metayage:Smithon,32;Youngon,34;Maxwellon,35;Bentham-Edwardson,35;Joneson,36-38;Sismondion,38;Englishauthoritieson,38-39;McCullochon,39n;andcustom,39-41;Millon,41-42
Mill,JohnStuart,36;onrentasproductioncost,24n,42n;onsharetenancy,38-42;oncustom,39,40;on"improvements,"39-40
Minimumrentandwages,76
Mortgage,11
Negotiationcost,63,67,75,83-85.
SeealsoTransactioncostNeoclassicalviewonsharetenancy,42-51
Nonlandinputs:ratiotoland,16-28,57-58,61;Heady'sargumenton,47;anddispersionoftenantinputs,53-54;labor-landratioindifferentformsoftenure,60;aspensatingpayment,90,96;legallyrestricted,92-93,94;diminishingreturnsto,105,107;underrentalsharerestriction,108-9
Offsettingcontractualrearrangements88-99;defined,89;andpensatingpayments,89-90;andtenurerearrangements,90-91;effectonresourcevalue,91
Ordinarylease,12-15
Orientalpicklingmelon,146
Paddyfields,168;increaseincropareaof,136-37;increaseinyieldof,138;frequencyoftenancyof,139;rentalpercentageof,141;effectofsharerestrictionon,141
Paretocondition,55,65,86,159.SeealsoEfficiency
Penghu,141,142n
Perpetuallease:yungtien,11-12;frequencyinChina,80;observationson,82-83.SeealsoFreehold
Philippines,landreformin,5n,9
Piece-ratecontract,67n,68n
Portfolioselection,63
Potatoes,146
Perfectures,impactofsharerestrictionson,139-42
Presentvalue:maximizationof,23,79;ofland,24n